[68] At the ancient Phrygian capital of Gordium, Alexander "undid" the hitherto unsolvable Gordian Knot, a feat said to await the future "king of Asia". [102] Against Bessus (Artaxerxes V) however, Briant adds, Alexander reasserted "his claim to legitimacy as the avenger of Darius III". [216], Alexander's legacy extended beyond his military conquests, and his reign marked a turning point in European and Asian history. [102] As early as 334 BC he demonstrated awareness of this, when he challenged incumbent King Darius III "by appropriating the main elements of the Achaemenid monarchy's ideology, particularly the theme of the king who protects the lands and the peasants". [125][126] Choosing a local helped him control these lands so distant from Greece. Tomb of Alexander the Great - Wikipedia Was Philip of Macedon Even Greater Than His Son Alexander? Alexander then faced the Assakenoi, who fought against him from the strongholds of Massaga, Ora and Aornos. The advance was successful and broke Darius's center, causing the latter to flee once again. Although his successors explicitly rejected such policies, Hellenization occurred throughout the region, accompanied by a distinct and opposite 'Orientalization' of the successor states. [107], During the long rule of the Achaemenids, the elite positions in many segments of the empire including the central government, the army, and the many satrapies were specifically reserved for Iranians and to a major degree Persian noblemen. Alexander's settlement of Greek colonists and the resulting spread of Greek culture led to the overwhelming dominance of Hellenistic civilization and influence as far east as the Indian subcontinent. Reputedly, whoever could untie it would be destined to rule all of Asia. [222] This was no doubt in part due to Aristotle's tutelage; Alexander was intelligent and quick to learn. One of his generals, Ptolemy, got control of Alexander the Great's body and brought it to Memphis, Egypt, in 321 B.C., Chris Naunton . [78], Alexander advanced on Egypt in later 332 BC, where he was regarded as a liberator. [71] He offered a peace treaty that included the lands he had already lost, and a ransom of 10,000 talents for his family. [56], Before crossing to Asia, Alexander wanted to safeguard his northern borders. [120], The fort of Massaga was reduced only after days of bloody fighting, in which Alexander was wounded seriously in the ankle. In 334 BC, he invaded the Achaemenid Persian Empire and began a series of campaigns that lasted for 10 years. What Does Alexander the Great Have to Do with Buddhist Imagery? The gold series had the head of Athena on the obverse and a winged Nike (Victory) on the reverse. Alexander III 'the Great'. [284] The Macriani, a Roman family that in the person of Macrinus briefly ascended to the imperial throne, kept images of Alexander on their persons, either on jewellery, or embroidered into their clothes. Following his conquest of Asia Minor, Alexander broke the power of Achaemenid Persia in a series of decisive battles, including those at Issus and Gaugamela; he subsequently overthrew Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety.
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