Biol. Insights into virus evolution and membrane biogenesis from the structure of the marine lipid-containing bacteriophage PM2. WebT2 phage is more properly called Enterobacteria phage T2. Lepage, P. et al. IB Biology 3.2 chromosomes 3, 754766 (2018). It is a virulent bacteriophage which infects Escherichia coli bacteria. Although these advances have expanded our understanding of phage genomic diversity, they also revealed that we have only scratched the surface in the discovery of novel viruses. FOIA Here a majority of the so-called core genesthe genes that are shared by all members of the groupfail to engage in horizontal exchange relative to the other genes in the group [32,33]. Genomic differentiation among wild cyanophages despite widespread horizontal gene transfer. We predict that many more phage genes participate in these dances for survival, but that answers to these questions will await further dissection of bacteriophages genomes and their biology. Phage The crystal structure of bacteriophage HK97 gp6: defining a large family of headtail connector proteins. Environ. Tu AH, Voelker LL, Shen X, Dybvig K. Complete nucleotide sequence of the mycoplasma virus P1 genome. 3 E Limnol. Experiments conducted in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase demonstrated how the DNA of viruses is injected into the bacterial cells, while most of the viral proteins remain outside. Abrescia, N. G. et al. Res. Nature 355, 137143 (1992). Nat. Virol. Plate tectonics of virus shell assembly and reorganization in phage 8, a distant relative of mammalian reoviruses. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Natl Acad. Mycobacteriophages Colbert, Rosebush and Qyrzula share similar overall genome architectures and many genes, but only Rosebush and Qyrzula have extensive nucleotide sequence similarity. ISME J. Interestingly, the same region in Rosebush is from that in Qyrzula (Fig. Structure 14, 10391048 (2006). This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Environ. A third approach is mining prophage and phage-related sequences embedded in sequenced bacterial genomes. A non-functional prophage within a bacterial chromosome. WebPhage genomes can consist of either DNA or RNA, and can contain as few as four genes or as many as several hundred. Appelt, S. et al. Virol. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies These prokaryotic phage proteins share significant homology with the bacterial gyrase and the ParE and ParC proteins. T2 phage This pervasive mosaicism and the multiple phylogenies of different genomic segments renders it difficult to impose whole genome phylogenetic relationships and reticulate approaches are likely to be more informative [25,26]. The possibility that some of these small genes provide no selective benefit to the phage that carries them cannot be ruled out, but their generally orderly arrangement on the genome, with good translation start sequences argues against their being disorganized junk DNA. Phage genome size varies enormously, ranging from the ~3,300 nucleotide ssRNA viruses of Escherichia coli [16] to the almost 500 kbp genome of Bacillus megaterium phage G (our unpublished data). Benson, S. D., Bamford, J. K., Bamford, D. H. & Burnett, R. M. Viral evolution revealed by bacteriophage PRD1 and human adenovirus coat protein structures. Genomic analysis of uncultured marine viral communities. Labrie, S. J. Hendrix, R. W., Smith, M. C. M., Burns, R. N., Ford, M. E. & Hatfull, G. F. Evolutionary relationships among diverse bacteriophages and prophages: all the worlds a phage.
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