how has urbanization created incentives to have fewer children?

The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Benefits that remove significant financial obstaclesthe cost of child care, medical bills for prenatal care and giving birth, or college tuitionand prevent parents from having to leave their jobs are most likely to persuade someone to have a child, he said. Ad campaigns in Denmark and Singapore encourage young couples to do it for their country. Perhaps the most extreme example is Russia, which declared 2008 The Year of the Family and has since dedicated several national holidays to canoodling. Donec aliquet. "go to work" - factories, mines, shops - recieved money called, industrialization = cheap condoms = marital fertility dropped. Some point to the fact that having a child is a long-term financial commitmentyou cant back out of it just because you lose your job or a new administration slashes child allowances. Donec aliquet. Berlin recently announced thatall of its child care centers will be free. For American policymakers, fertility is a sort of good news-bad news story. They found that, Area above some higher development threshold, Area above some lower development threshold, Area in commercial- or industrial-related uses, Area of impervious surfaces such as roads, parking lots and roofs; also called impervious surface cover, Impervious area directly connected to streams via pipes; also called % drainage connection, Multimetric indices combining a suite of development-related measures into one index value [e.g., the USGS national urban intensity index (NUII), based on housing density, % developed land in basin and road density], Increased direct channel modification (e.g., channel hardening), Increased channel width (in non-hardened channels), Altered organic matter inputs & standing stocks, On a national scale, urbanization affects relatively little land cover, but it has a, Residential vs. commercial/transportation, Other changes in assemblage structure (e.g., diatom composition), Decreased total abundance, richness or diversity, Decreased EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera), Other changes in assemblage structure (e.g., functional feeding groups), Decreased abundance, biomass, richness or diversity, Other changes in assemblage structure (e.g., reproductive guilds), Increased biotic homogenization (replacement of more endemic, specialist fishes with more broadly distributed, generalist fishes).

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how has urbanization created incentives to have fewer children?