Bauersachs J, de Boer RA, Lindenfeld J, Bozkurt B. Acta Pharmacol Sin. Injury to the endothelial glycocalyx in critically Ill patients with COVID-19. Cytokine storm in COVID-19 can trigger inflammation via the JAK/STAT pathway, which results in increased recruitment of leukocytes/immune cells [146]. 2020;98:31422. Mol Med (Camb, Mass). In COVID-19 patients, heart failure and myocardial injury are frequent complications, underscoring the clinical utility of SGLT2 inhibitors [128]. Circulating endothelial cells as a marker of endothelial injury in severe COVID -19. Endothelial dysfunction-induced endotheliitis/endothelialitis/endotheliopathy following SARS-CoV-2 infection arises from a plethora of physiopathological mechanisms, including both direct mechanism of virus infection or indirect mechanisms such as paracrine effects of infected cells [2, 68]. Breithaupt-Faloppa AC, Correia CJ, Prado CM, Stilhano RS, Ureshino RP, Moreira LFP. COVID-19 is an endothelial disease in which endothelial dysfunction played a major role. 2021: 1-15. These results indicate that the healthy status of glycocalyx is critical for maintaining vascular homeostasis and preventing virus binding. Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19. 2020;10:1171. Elevated expression of serum endothelial cell adhesion molecules in COVID-19 patients. Xiong S, Zhang L, Richner JM, Class J, Rehman J, Malik AB. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;10:e69314. Thrombosis J. The authors declare no competing interests. Evaluating the short-term effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal outdoor falls and road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in China: a time-stratified case-crossover study. 2021;128:13236. Barbosa LC, Gonalves TL, de Araujo LP, Rosario LVO, Ferrer VP. SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily affects the pulmonary system, but accumulating evidence suggests that it also affects the pan-vasculature in the extrapulmonary systems by directly (via virus infection) or indirectly (via cytokine storm), causing endothelial dysfunction (endotheliitis, endothelialitis and endotheliopathy) and multi-organ injury. The following is a summary of "Optimal positive end-expiratory pressure reduces right ventricular dysfunction in COVID-19 patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A retrospective single-center study," published in the February 2023 issue of Critical Care by Estoos et al. 2022 Dec 23;11(4):1728-1735. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3202. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal These include tachycardia, shortness of breath, fatigue and post-exercise exhaustion. Amraei R, Yin W, Napoleon MA, Suder EL, Berrigan J, Zhao Q, et al. Pulmonary capillary endothelium provides a fertile soil for viral entry, replication, thereby facilitating viral entry to the circulating blood [19, 20]. Guzik TJ, Mohiddin SA, Dimarco A, Patel V, Savvatis K, Marelli-Berg FM, et al. 2020;202:117881. Colchicine is an ancient and low-cost drug isolated from Chinese herbal medicine. Endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and beyond: from mechanism to pharmacotherapies. 2022;9:866113. Katsoularis I, Fonseca-Rodrguez O, Farrington P, Lindmark K, Fors Connolly AM. 6). J Virol. 2021;221:153419. Yamaoka-Tojo M. Vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage in COVID-19. Impact of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on atherosclerosis: from pharmacology to pre-clinical and clinical therapeutics. IL-1 is an important cytokine released during cytokine storm in COVID-19 as well as its post-acute sequelae [91, 139]. The SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins promote virus entry and its survival in host cells. Pulm Circ. CAS 2021;164:6982. Internet Explorer). Based on these protective effects, statin may be used as an adjunctive therapy to mitigate endothelial dysfunction accompanying SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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