From 1609-1610, war broke out between Kurdish tribes and Safavid Empire. Political and Social Structure of 3 Islamic Empires - Prezi From the beginning of the polity in 1501 until the Ottoman Sultan Selim (r. 1512-1520) defeated the founder of the Safavid polity, Shah Ismail I (r. 1501-1524) at Chaldiran in 1514, the Safavid army was a tribal army. The Ottomans pushed further and on August 23, 1514, managed to engage the Safavids in the Battle of Chaldiran west of Tabriz. Outside of Iran, Safavid art was the portal to the wider world of Persian art and architecture when art historians first began studying Islamic art in the early nineteenth century. It became more identifiably Shi'a in its orientation around the year 1400. Iran became a feudal theocracy: There was no separation of religion and state; the Shah was held to be the divinely ordained head of both. Shah Ismail I himself wrote many poems in Azerbaijani, as well as in Persian and Arabic, while Shah Tahmasp was a painter. During the fifteenth century, the Ottomans expanded across Anatolia and centralized control by persecuting Shi'ism. The pope also hoped Abbas would allow the construction of a cathedral in his new capital city of Isfahan, but on their arrival his emissaries found three Roman Catholic churches already there (Figure 4.24). In 1501, various disaffected militia from Azerbaijan and eastern Anatolia who were known as the Kizilbash (Azeri for "red heads" due to their red headgear) united with the Ardabil Safaviyeh to capture Tabriz from the then ruling Sunni Turkmen alliance known as Ak Koyunlu (The White Sheep Emirate) under the leadership of Alwand. The Safavid Empire of Persia - ThoughtCo First, he bargained for peace with the Ottomans in 1590, giving away territory in the north-west. He captured Tabrz from the Ak Koyunlu and became shah of Azerbaijan (1501) and Persia (1502). Safavid Dynasty 1501-1736 (official end in 1760) and the Netherlands (Dutch East India Company) Exports Persian rugs Silks Textiles Imports Spices Metals Coffee Sugar Slavery- little or no slavery as a labor system Mainly recruited among Georgian, Armenian and North Caucasian renegades
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