[78] These files dealt with the financing of MKUltra projects and contained few project details, but much more was learned from them than from the Inspector General's 1963 report. The story of programs like MK-Ultra is a chilling look at how the US government turned its own citizens into guinea pigs and destroyed lives in the process. Cameron drew their attention with experiments in which he enclosed patients in small cells, put them in a drug-induced coma, and subjected them to endless repetition of recorded phrases. [46] The CIA wanted to know if they could make Soviet spies defect against their will and whether the Soviets could do the same to the CIA's own operatives. This was only the beginning. His report started the lengthy process of bringing long-suppressed details about MK-Ultra to light. The history of Unit 731 is even less transparent than that of its Nazi equivalents. Testing and Use of Chemical and Biological Agents by the Intelligence Community, List of MKULTRA Unclassified Documents including subprojects, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MKUltra&oldid=1152561799. Under the auspices of Project MK-Ultra, the CIA began to fund studies at Columbia University, Stanford University and other colleges on the effects of the drug. In other words, torture. These revelations resulted in Fords 1976 Executive Order on Intelligence Activities that prohibited experimentation with drugs on human subjects, except with the informed consent, in writing and witnessed by a disinterested party, of each such human subject.. [41], CIA documents suggest that they investigated "chemical, biological, and radiological" methods of mind control as part of MKUltra. [52], In Operation Midnight Climax, the CIA set up several brothels within agency safehouses in San Francisco to obtain a selection of men who would be too embarrassed to talk about the events. In an ironic twist of history, the CIA helped popularize the drug that was so important in the sixties counterculture. Most of these took place between 1953 and 1964, but its not clear how many people were involved in the teststhe agency kept notoriously poor records and destroyed most MK-Ultra documents when the program was officially halted in 1973. [33][119] The CIA insists that MKUltra-type experiments have been abandoned. Ken Kesey, author of the 1962 novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, volunteered for MK-Ultra experiments with LSD while he was a college student at Stanford University. An agent named George White wrote to Gottlieb in 1971: Of course I was a very minor missionary, actually a heretic, but I toiled wholeheartedly in the vineyards because it was fun, fun, fun. That made them perfect test subjects. There was a widespread distrust of institutions like the CIA and popular pressure for accountability. It is no coincidence that with the decline of these movements in the late seventies, any kind of accountability was once again curtailed. Many of the tests were conducted at universities, hospitals or prisons in the United States and Canada. The following year, President Fordin the wake of the Watergate scandal and amid growing distrust of the U.S. governmentset up the United States Presidents Commission on CIA Activities within the United States to investigate illegal CIA activities, including Project MK-Ultra and other experiments on unsuspecting citizens. Since he realized there was a difference in testing the drug in a laboratory and using it in clandestine operations, he initiated a series of experiments where LSD was given to people in "normal" settings without warning.
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