Rising Black politicians like Rep. Antonio Delgado and Rep. Joe Neguse represent heavily white areas in New Yorks Hudson River Valley and Boulder, Colorado respectively. Examples: Sweden|Finland, Focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement. [12][13][14], In Thornburg v. Gingles, the court also established three criteria that must be met in order "to prove claims of vote dilution under section 2 [of the Voting Rights Act]:"[12][13][14]. Two Black Democratic delegates narrowly lost their seats in districts that are still majority African American but had recently been redrawn to have fewer Black voters. a nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state, a political territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entitie within a nation-state where they have common intrests- defense, foregin affirs, and the like- yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities and to have their own laws, policies, and customs in certain spheres, the process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government, system wherein each representative is elected form a district, process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people, In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts to be created therein ensuring control by the majority of each of the districts; as opposed to the result of majority-minority districts, in the context of determaning representative districts, the proccess by which a majority of the population is from the minority, redistricting for advantage, or the practice of dividing areas into electoral districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting strength of the opposition in as few districst as possible. [11], In 1982, the North Carolina state legislature approved redistricting plans for the North Carolina State Senate and the North Carolina House of Representatives. At the other extreme, Democrats filed a lawsuit this month alleging that Alabama Republicans improperly packed Black voters into the states 7th Congressional District, making it home to nearly one out of every three African Americans in the state. Ethnic nationalism may become a project promoted by governments when it serves the interest of the state; or, it may become a threat to the state for a variety of reasons. During the year, Altgeld reported $415,000 of separate operating income (no subsidiary income was included) and declared dividends of$35,000. As a consequence, it has a neighborhood-level spatial structure, presenting a geography which can be examined in maps of cities across the country.
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